Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[ | left square bracket (opening) | [ | ⌥5 | Alt 0091 | |
] | right square bracket (closing) | ] | ⌥6 | Alt 0093 | |
{ | Left curly bracket (opening) | { | ⌥8 | Alt 0123 | |
} | right curly bracket (closing) | } | ⌥9 | Alt 0125 | |
〈 | left angle bracket (opening) | ⟨ | ⟨ | ||
〉 | right angle bracket (closing) | ⟩ | ⟩ |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
∼ | similar to | ∼ | ∼ | ||
≈ | asymptotic to / almost equal to | ≈ | ≈ | ⌥X | |
≅ | congruent | ≅ | ≅ | ||
≡ | equivalent / identical to | ≡ | ≡ | ||
≠ | not equal to | ≠ | ≠ | ⌥0 |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
− | minus sign | − | − | ||
± | plus-minus sign | ± | ± | ⌥+ | Alt 0177 |
√ | radical sign ("square root") | √ | √ | ⌥V | |
⋅ | dot operator / interpunct | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⇧⌥9 | |
× | multiplication sign / times sign | × | × | Alt 0215 | |
∗ | asterisk operator | ∗ | ∗ | ||
÷ | division sign (obelus) | ÷ | ÷ | ⇧⌥. | Alt 0241 |
¼ | fraction one quarter | ¼ | ¼ | Alt 0188 | |
½ | fraction one half | ½ | ½ | Alt 0189 | |
¾ | fraction three quarters | ¾ | ¾ | Alt 1090 | |
∝ | proportional to | ∝ | ∝ | ||
∞ | infinity sign | ∞ | ∞ | ⌥, | |
< | less than | < | < | Alt 0060 | |
≤ | less than or equal to | ≤ | ≤ | ⌥< | |
> | greater than | > | > | Alt 0062 | |
≥ | greater than or equal to | ≥ | ≥ | ⇧⌥< |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ƒ | mathematical function ƒ(x) | ƒ | ƒ | ⌥F | Alt 0131 |
∫ | integral | ∫ | ∫ | ⌥B | |
∂ | partial differential | ∂ | ∂ | ⌥D |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
∠ | angle | ∠ | ∠ | ||
⊥ | perpendicular to / orthogonal to | ⊥ | ⊥ | ||
° | degree sign | ° | ° | ⇧⌥Ü | Alt 0176 |
′ | minutes | ′ | ′ | ||
″ | seconds | ″ | ″ |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
⊕ | direct sum | ⊕ | ⊕ | ||
⊗ | tensor product | ⊗ | ⊗ | ||
∇ | nabla / differential operator | ∇ | ∇ | ||
⋅ | dot operator / scalar product | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⇧⌥9 | |
× | cross product | × | × | Alt 0215 |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
∧ | and (logical conjunction) | ∧ | ∧ | ||
∨ | or (logical disjunction) | ∨ | ∨ | ||
¬ | not sign (negation) | ¬ | ¬ | Alt 0172 | |
⊕ | exclusive disjunction ("either … or") | ⊕ | ⊕ | ||
∴ | therefore | ∴ | ∴ | ||
∈ | element of | ∈ | ∈ | ||
∉ | not an element of | ∉ | ∉ | ||
∋ | contains as member | ∋ | ∋ | ||
∀ | for all | ∀ | ∀ | ||
∃ | exists | ∃ | ∃ | ||
∅ | empty set / diameter | ∅ | ∅ | ||
∩ | intersection / cap | ∩ | ∩ | ||
∪ | union / cup | ∪ | ∪ | ||
⊃ | superset of | ⊃ | ⊃ | ||
⊇ | superset of or equal to | ⊇ | ⊇ | ||
⊂ | subset of | ⊂ | ⊂ | ||
⊆ | subset of or equal to | ⊆ | ⊆ | ||
⊄ | not a subset of | ⊄ | ⊄ | ||
→ | material conditional (implication) | → | → | ||
↔ | if and only if (biconditional) | ↔ | ↔ | ||
Δ | Delta / difference | Δ | Δ | ⌥K |
Character | Description | HTML entity | Unicode | Mac shortcut | Windows shortcut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
µ | micro sign (my) | µ | µ | ⌥M | Alt 0181 |
ℜ | black-letter R (real part of complex numbers) | ℜ | ℜ | ||
ℑ | black-letter I (imaginary part of complex numbers) | ℑ | ℑ | ||
ℵ | aleph (cardinality) | ℵ | ℵ | ||
℘ | script capital P (Weierstrass p) | ℘ | ℘ | ||
∑ | summation operator | ∑ | ∑ | ⌥W | |
∏ | product operator | ∏ | ∏ | ⇧⌥P |